Marketing Plan Nokia in Bangladesh Essay Example

Marketing Plan Nokia in Bangladesh Essay This project report analyses the marketing mix, PEST analysis and STP analysis of Nokia. Nokia has adopted excellent techniques to influence a consumer, the prices of their phones are reasonable. Almost every shop dealing in mobiles sells Nokia phones apart from their Nokia Care and Nokia priority outlets. Their products are also well promoted. The Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning of all their products are discussed in a detailed manner. The success of the company lies in the fact that NOKIA: AN INTRODUCTION Everyone has a need to communicate and share. Nokia helps people to fulfill this need and they help people feel close to what matters to them. They focus on providing consumers with very human technology – technology that is intuitive, a joy to use, and beautiful HISTORY OF NOKIA:- NOKIA’S FIRST CENTURY: 1865-1967 The first Nokia century began with Fredrik Idestams paper mill on the banks of the Nokianvirta river. Between 1865 and 1967, the company would become a major industrial force; but it took a merger with a cable company and a rubber firm to set the new Nokia Corporation on the path to electronics. * 1865: The birth of Nokia:- Fredrik Idestam establishes a paper mill at the Tammerkoski Rapids in south western Finland, where the Nokia story begins. * 1898: Finnish Rubber Works founded:- Arvid Wickstrom founds Finnish Rubber Works, which will later become Nokias rubber business * 1912: Finnish Cable Works founded:- Eduard Polon starts Finnish Cable Works, the foundation of Nokias cable and electronics businesses. 1937: Verner Weckman, industry heavyweight:- Former Olympic wrestler Verner Weckman becomes President of Finnish Cable Works. * 1960: First electronics department:- Cable Works establishes its first electronics department, selling and operating computers. * 1962: First in-house electrical device:- The Cable Works electronics department produces its first in-house electrical devic e a pulse analyzer for nuclear power plants. * 1967: The merger:- Nokia Ab, Finnish Rubber Works and Finnish Cable works formally merge to create Nokia Corporation. THE MOVE TO MOBILE: 1968-1991 The newly formed Nokia Corporation was ideally positioned for a pioneering role in the early evolution of mobile communications. As European telecommunications markets were deregulated and mobile networks became global, Nokia led the way with some iconic products 1979: Mobira Oy, early phone maker Radio telephone company Mobira Oy begins life as a joint venture between Nokia and leading Finnish television maker Salora. 1981: The mobile era begins Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT), the first international mobile phone network, is built. 982: Nokia makes its first digital telephone switch The Nokia DX200, the company’s first digital telephone switch, goes into operation. 1984: Mobira Talkman launched Nokia launches the Mobira Talkman portable phone. 1987: Mobira Cityman – birth of a classic Nokia launches the Mobira Cityman, the first handheld NMT phone. 1991: GSM – a new mobile standard opens up Nokia equipment is used to make the worldâ €™s first GSM call. MOBILE REVOLUTION: 1992-1999 In 1992, Nokia decided to focus on its telecommunications business. This was probably the most important strategic decision in its history. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan Nokia in Bangladesh specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan Nokia in Bangladesh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan Nokia in Bangladesh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As adoption of the GSM standard grew, new CEO Jorma Ollila put Nokia at the head of the mobile telephone industry’s global boom – and made it the world leader before the end of the decade 1992: Jorma Ollila becomes President and CEO:- Jorma Ollila becomes President and CEO of Nokia, focusing the company on telecommunications. 1992: Nokia’s first GSM handset:- Nokia launches its first GSM handset, the Nokia 1011. 1994: Nokia Tune is launched:- Nokia launches the 2100, the first phone to feature the Nokia Tune. 1994: World’s first satellite call:- The world’s first satellite call is made, using a Nokia GSM handset. 997: Snake – a classic mobile game:- The Nokia 6110 is the first phone to feature Nokia’s Snake game. 1998: Nokia leads the world:- Nokia becomes the world leader in mobile phones. 1999: The Internet goes mobile:- Nokia launches the worlds first WAP handset, the Nokia 7110. NOKIA NOW: 2000-TODAY:- Nokia’s story continue s with 3G, mobile multiplayer gaming, multimedia devices and a look to the future 2002: First 3G phone:- Nokia launches its first 3G phone, the Nokia 6650. 2003: Nokia launches the N-Gage:- Mobile gaming goes multiplayer with the N-Gage. 005: The Nokia Nseries is born:- Nokia introduces the next generation of multimedia devices, the Nokia Nseries. 2005: The billionth Nokia phone is sold:- Nokia sells its billionth phone – a Nokia 1100 – in Nigeria. Global mobile phone subscriptions pass 2 billion. 2006: A new President and CEO:- Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo becomes Nokia’s President and CEO; Jorma Ollila becomes Chairman of Nokia’s board. Nokia and Siemens announce plans for Nokia Siemens Networks. The birth of Nokia Eseries. The ultimate handheld communicator mobiles (Enterprise series) are launched. 2007: Nokia recognized as 5th most valued brand in the world. Nokia Siemens Networks commences operations. Nokia launches Ovi, its new internet services brand. 2008: Nokias three mobile device business groups and the supporting horizontal groups are replaced by an integrated business segment, Devices Services. THE 4P’S OF THE MARKETING MIX: PRODUCT:- The product is the centre of the marketing mix and the other three Ps are based around it. Consumers purchase goods and services for a variety of individual reasons and a company must be aware of all of these when selling a product (that is why they conduct market research). Nokia does exactly the same and comes up with innovative phones almost every six months. The new phones that Nokia launches have some new feature or price difference, thus appealing to the consumer. Sometimes, Nokia launches special and limited editions of its mobile phones, on special occasions such as the Olympics. In short they offer phones of great variety with various designs and high quality. Price:- Price is a key factor in the selling of a product, and is usually the one that is open to the most change based on different pricing strategies, for xample, competitor based, penetration or skimming. The three main factors affecting the amount charged for a product or service, are; the cost of production, customer demand and competition. Since its entry into Indian mobile market in 1995, it focused on manufacturing of mobile handsets based on GSM technology. Nokia built a strong brand image with focused marketing and distribution network. It started focusing on the low-cost mobile phone segment for rural markets in India, but, faced stiff competition from Sony Ericsson, Samsung, and Motorola who also started offering low-cost handsets. Nokia has come up with the perfect prices for each and every consumer segment in the market. A lower middle-class person can go for a Nokia 1200 costing around Rs. 1200 while an executive can opt for N-96 costing around Rs. 33,000. Place:- This refers to the chosen outlets for a product or service, for a product to be very successful it must be easy to access, Nokia mobile phones are very easy to access nowadays, they are sold in supermarkets, Nokia Priority, Nokia Care and specialized outlets (eg. The Mobile Store). Promotion:- This involves providing information to the customer over a variety of media platforms, using radio, television and print advertising as well as using other promotional tools such as money off deals and free giveaways. The advertisements that Nokia comes up with are very successful in targeting the customers in a consumer market. The advertisements are made in such a way that it appeals to the psychology of the consumer. They also have various sale promotion schemes like offering discounts on special occasions and giving free gifts along with a purchase of a mobile phone. PEST ANALYSIS In the case of Nokia, it can be classified as international organization. It is basic for global brand, which is required to focus on macro environmental factors, such as Nokia. Macro environmental factors comprise Political, Economics, Society, and Technology, viz, PEST Analysis. It is necessary force that Nokia has to concern and know what is happening in the other countries at the moment. Because there are different culture and different external factors between different countries, Nokia has to adjust its trategic plan in order to develop international market. Political:- It is important of a company to acquire resources from government, such as economic policy, and science and technology policy. The success of Nokia has obtaine the resources from Finnish policies which assist Nokia to advance its products. The Finnish policies are the most important factors of Nokia. To operate efficiently, a modern knowledge- and technology-based economy that is highly specialized , internationalized and undergoing rapid structural change requires active support from the public sector. In its widest sense industrial policy and science and technology (ST) policy comprise all those measures by which the public sector shapes the operating environment for business and thus fosters public welfare. Both policies used by Finnish government and Parliament are crucial for the development both of the Finnish Economy and of national information society. Finnish government best facilitate the efficient functioning of the economy by directing its resources to the reduction of market failures. The state must also pursue an industrial and economic policy that provides a stable macroeconomic environment for enterprises. General macroeconomic stability, low interest rates, stable currency conditions and the international competitiveness of the tax system form the foundation for the growth of business an improvement in employment. As the result of this, not only Finnish Government but also international companies, such as Nokia, have play very important roles to develop their information society and national technology strength. Economic:- According to the fact that Russian Federation was collapsed in early 1990s and it assaulted with Finnish economics. Nokia also face with the problem, and changed its functions from single market and overall products to global market and focusing mobile phone market. With incomes rising, people have more disposable income, which enables consumers to be more selective with their choice of mobile phone, looking to other factors rather than fulfilling the most basic of user (text, messaging and phone calls) Nokia being a multinational company operates in many countries. They have to abide by the economic policies in whichever country they are operating. Society and Technology:- In the 1980s, people’s trend to microcomputers and Nokia tried to match the tendency to produce its main products, such as computers, monitors and TV sets. According to the changes in 1990s, Nokia also changes its functions to mobile phone market. Nowadays, the global market trends to connect PC and mobile phone, even though to combine these two products together. On the other hand, one important future challenge of Nokia is to establish its policy to follow up the environmental policy and science and technology policy of the Finnish Government. Sustainable development and environmental protection have various effects on the operation of the innovation system. Innovation also creates new opportunities for promoting sustainable development. The markets for environmental products are expected to grow rapidly in the near future. The Finnish government offers goods facilities for taking this opportunity. National and European reforms arising from environmental objectives influence the perquisites from innovation. Nokia must be used to find solution which help to implement environmental objectives as well as the objectives of innovation policy in a balanced way. To sum up, the main reason of Nokia has success to advance its products are the policies and technology development of Finnish Government. It cannot be separate between Nokia’s successful of advance its product and Finnish Government’s policies, both of Nokia and Finnish Government are the winner in the international market. Nokia has obtained the success of mobile phone market, and Finnish Government has established its position of technology development. At this moment Nokia is the best selling mobile phone company owing to its constant upgradation in the technology of its phones. STP ANALYSIS SEGMENTATION AND TARGETING:- * Entry level: (Rs 1,200-3,000):- Nokia targeted low income people and first time mobile buyers in this series. Sets include are 1200, 1208, 1100, 1110, 1112 etc * Classic Series: (Rs 7,000-17,000):- Nokia targeted decent people in this series. Sets include in this series are 6300,6233,6120,3120 etc * N gage Series: (Rs 8,000-16,000):- Nokia targeted game lovers in this series . These sets include game like play station, PSP and Xbox. N- Series: (Rs 7000-35,000):- Nokia targeted the young generation who wanted to possess mobiles with the latest technologies such as a 5 MP camera, a decent music player, GPRS, etc. This series is also called multimedia computer. Named as on step ahead multimedia. Sets include N72, N81, N95, N96, N97, etc * E-Series: (Rs 10,000-60,000):- These mobiles were launched for people who needed mobile computing on the go especially business people. These phones are enabled with word, spreadsheet and presentation softwar es. They also are equipped with GPRS/ EDGE technologies thus functioning as a palmtop. Sets include E90, E75, E61, E62, etc * Xpress music Series: (Rs 6,000-20,000):- Nokia launched this series basically for the people who loved music. Good dolby digital earphones and long battery life are the features of these mobile phones. Sets include 5800, 5610, 5320, 5310, 5220, etc * Premium Series:(Rs 80,000-1,500,000):-In this series Nokia targeted people who show visual status. Sets include in this series are Sephiraarte, 8800Gold, 8800arts etc POSITIONING:- Positioning of a product refers to creating an image about a particular product. Nokia has been very successful in this strategy. Nokia has created a distinct position in customer mind by:- * Nokia logo: * Slogan: * StandardRingtone * Standard message tone. * Long battery backup. * User friendly mobiles. * The specific message that is conveyed to the customers in every advertisement is: â€Å"Nokia enable you to get more out of life†. These specific aspects have been embedded into the mindset of the consumer in such a way that every time they saw the logo or heard the ringtone they associate it with a Nokia product. Hence Nokia has been very successful in positioning it products in the market. LOOPHOLES No doubt that  the products from the Finnish company, Nokia, are some of the very best in the world, but the company still hasn’t found a profitable way to market its goods. The very reason that other mobile phone companies are fast eating up Nokia’s market share is their superior (yet simple) marketing practices. Motorola and Samsung must now be in the FUW (frequently used words) list in Nokia’s board meetings. These companies have made Nokia pay dearly for its rudimentary approach in marketing its phones. The aggressive marketing practices followed by Motorola have hit Nokia very hard and it is losing very crucial global market share every month to its American competitor. Nokia, quite alarmed by the dropping sales of its phones, is now putting all its weight behind the N-Series range. The N-Series is packed with multimedia features and Nokia believes that these phones might woo the costumers back to the big daddy of the mobile phone world. But Espoo, we have a problem!! (Nokia is headquartered at Espoo, Finland). While Motorola (quite intelligently) gives a dashy-flashy name to every phone it brings into the market, Nokia tends to do the exact opposite. Nokia from the very start has relied on numbers rather than names. This strategy worked very well in the past, but only because there wasn’t much competition back then. But times have changed. Every month the market sees at least a dozen new handsets from an equal number of manufacturers. Consumers now have more than they can choose. Consumers are more attracted by names because they can thus easily relate to the features of the phone. This is evident from the success of the MotoRazr, MotoSlvr, MotoRizr and MotoKrzr. These phones are not packed with heavy multimedia features like the N-Series; still they are selling like hot cakes. Just by reading the name of the handset, one gets a broad idea what the phone looks like or what  its features are. Nokia advertises more than Motorola. Still its market share is dropping. Motorola does not need to spend much money for the promotion of its products and it doesn’t have to worry about the marketing of these phones; it just simplifies its job by naming its products right. Take the example of Apple. It did not have to do much to promote its iPhone. RECOMMENDATIONS: It is high time that Nokia starts applying some sense to its marketing strategies. It doesn’t have to do anything great, other than just naming its phones. A few months ago, a highly placed Nokia official told Reuters that his company would soon go the Motorola way and  start using names for its new phones. It is in Nokia’s best interest that it takes to this path as early as possible, otherwise the once market leader might see its market share plummeting to even lower depths CONCLUSION

KU GPA Calculator Essays

KU GPA Calculator Essays KU GPA Calculator Paper KU GPA Calculator Paper KU GPA calculator is an instrument helping potential students to measure their chances to become a member of the University. KU is one of the largest state universities in the USA. It is one of the most advanced and progressive public research and teaching institutions in the country. There is a possibility to study various subjects and gain an education in many spheres. The facilities of the university impress. There are five campuses, library and small research centers enabling students to conduct their research projects. Here there is the National Cancer Institute located. Various educational programs and student exchange projects support and enforce the knowledge students of the KU. The diverse elements are interrelated with the aim to educate students. The University brings up leaders able to contribute to the development of science and society. The educational institution has gained a prestigious status as it brings up specialists in various fields of activity. If you have a de sire to become a member of progressive and innovative University, you have to be able to use college GPA calculator KU. This handy instrument will become an indispensable tool for every potential student trying to evaluate the proximity of getting the place in the higher educational institution of his or her dream. College GPA calculator KU GPA calculator KU is an app, which will help to decide on a place of study, which you can enter. This online program will help you to make a prognosis for future and focus on the University, which will correspond to the academic achievements. The purpose of the program is to calculate the average number based on the grades that you will probably receive. The calculator is useful both for graduate and undergraduate students, as it allows to trace the progress. For potential students, it serves as an app helping to calculate the average grade, which it is necessary to strive for, to get the opportunity to study at a particular institution. The option of calculating allows evaluating the current progress. It is possible to compare the â€Å"what if† GPA with a mark of recent year and determines what the chances to enter are. Use the cumulative GPA calculator KU, if you want to know whether you can become a student of this higher education institution. The University of Kansas KU GPA Calculator The University of Kansas KU GPA Calculator will help you to see, whether you need to put more efforts and study harder, or you are already good enough and should just keep on going. As is often the case, students plan their entering procedure and compile a list of potential places of studies. They monitor the last year ratings to discover what the average GPA is. The next step is to evaluate their potential GPA number to single out, whether their achievements match with the standards and demands of the admission committee. You can see whether there is a need to pay more efforts, or you can enter the University anyway. Be sure to receive mostly A’s and several B’s to be on the list of finalists. The instructions for the users of the app are simple. You need to fill in the places, mentioning the name, of course, credit hours and the â€Å"what if† grades. The program will make all the calculation and deliver the result. Be sure to be persistent and dedicated, and all your plans and expectation will come true!

Technology and Typos

Technology and Typos Technology and Typos Technology and Typos By Mark Nichol Just a week after a typographical error in campaign materials for Mitt Romney prompted newspaper headlines, more spelling mistakes by the Romney campaign and the Obama administration alike made the news. A misspelling of America in Romney’s iPhone â€Å"With Mitt† app was followed by a reference to Ronald Reagan spelled â€Å"Ronald Regan† in a slide show at a donor event, a misspelling in a video of â€Å"sneak-peak† instead of â€Å"sneak-peek† (tsk! nobody pointed out that in addition, the hyphen is extraneous), and an invitation to buy â€Å"offical† campaign gear. (The latter two errors appeared on Romney’s Facebook page.) The Obama administration has a few red check marks on its assignments, too: Last year, the White House’s Twitter account misspelled Libya, and Obama himself was seen misspelling Syracuse. He was also called out for a couple of mistakes in the spelling of the names of historical figures in his 1995 memoir. What is the world coming to? In the vicious world of politics, these flubs have provided hooks to hang vitriol on. The misspelling by Romney’s staff of America and Reagan, two key words in Republican ideology, and the other mistakes associated with his campaign have been exploited to attack his suitability for higher office a specious argument, regardless of what you may think about just that. The same goes for Obama, though he is directly responsible for the mistakes in his book. But these errors do provide valuable lessons for everyone. Most important, just as evolution does not mean â€Å"improvement† (the basic definition is â€Å"change†), progress does not mean â€Å"things get better.† And a corollary point is this: Just because you can doesn’t mean you should. How did these errors happen? Because it was easy for them to happen. I wasn’t at the scene of any of these misdemeanor crimes against the English language, but my guess is that in the case of the Romney campaign’s typos, and the Obama administration’s misspelling of Libya, a single person was involved: Tap on a few keys, click a couple of buttons, and presto! the app is launched, the video text is entered, the website copy is live. In the past, political campaigns, like other organizations, took a more measured approach to getting the words out: Drafts were circulated, revised, vetted. Errors occurred, but seldom, because the process rendered the environment hostile to mistakes. Now, however, technology allows one person to have control over dissemination (and sensible people will realize that even if multiple pairs of eyeballs were involved in any of these boo-boos, none of those sensory organs belonged to Romney or Obama himself). Why is it any different now? Why are decision makers so careless in assuming that just because a procedure can be simplified, the protocol for effecting the outcome of the procedure can be minimized as well? Because easier translates to faster and cheaper. But what about quality? You’ll notice nobody defended these errors by saying, â€Å"You know what we meant by Amercia† or â€Å"Everybody knows who ‘Ronald Regan’ refers to† or â€Å"The Libyans spell their country’s name al-LÄ «biyyah, so go figure.† Nor were any announcements made about any heads rolling as a result of the mistakes. We shouldn’t shrug these errors off, however. There are more pressing issues in politics than an apparent aversion to spell-checking, but clear communication is compromised when the ease of use of technology enables carelessness. These mistakes are symptoms of a decline in quality control in our written language and an attendant apathy about the issue. And when impressionable younger people, already inured to the attraction of text-speak, see that our society is blasà © and blithe about how sequences of alphabetical characters are displayed (spelling errors are already ubiquitous, whether on billboards or chalkboards), they receive a subliminal message that precision and perfection are not worthy (if ultimately unattainable) goals. I don’t mean to come across as an alarmist reactionary. Again, we’ve got more important things to take care of. But in the meantime, we shouldn’t let the little things slip away unheeded. And I’ve admitted making errors myself. But as we use our handy little keyboards and keypads, let’s all be more careful out there. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:15 Terms for Those Who Tell the FutureRules for Capitalization in TitlesWoof or Weft?

Anyone interested in Scottish family and Scottish local history should Essay

Anyone interested in Scottish family and Scottish local history should be aware of the changes in legislation in the nineteenth - Essay Example However, there had been previous laws, which concerned the relief of the poor within the country before the enactment of the 1845 act. Nevertheless, this particular act is particularly important to the history of the Scottish local family in that it was wholly intended to empower the individual parishes to enumerate own poor. Moreover, besides just enumeration of the poor, the enactment of the law empowered the state to enquire more into the poverty status of the people.Through the enquiry, the state would understand the circumstances around the poverty, understand whether the ‘poor’ would be in a position to work and establish whether there existed other family members who would be depended on by the family for survival. A characteristic feature that existed in the Scottish law previously had been a poor rate or levy, which had been imposed within the state in order to assist the poor. However, therefore was the need to evaluate the effectiveness of the legislations as they were prior to the 1845 enactment of the legislation, which saw the amendments, which led to the 1845-act formulation. The act of 1845 had main provisions, which revolved around the establishment of a supervisory board whose mandate was to effect poor law system regulation. It also provided for retaining the already existing ‘parish based systems’ via Parochial boards (The National Archives of Scotland, para 3). The boards had also powers to regulate taxes. Outdoor relief services for the poor were meant to remain with an attention to building more poor houses for the sick. Moreover, the act empowered the inspector of the poor to legitimize the applications of relief to the poor. The effects of the enactment of the legislation saw the able-bodied poor segment of the population miss an automatic entitlement to the poor relief, as was the case previously in England. However, under the legislation, the poor had the capacity to engage legal procedures to appeal for poor relief denied on them. Nevertheless, in spite of such a promising legislation as it were, it suffered a major drawback on the fact that it lacked a framework to address outdoor relief mismanagement, which was very prevalent. The nineteenth century legislations had great impacts on the records to the Scottish local family and as such, anyone interested in Scottish family and Scottish local history should be aware of these changes in legislation. This paper therefore intends to discuss the specific changes brought about by the legislation and the impact brought about to the records. The previous regimes of legislation ware more open and inclusive where the disabled as well as the poor were entitled to assistance with the blind, orphans, the sick as well as the old having the priority over the assistance though the able bodied had special provision to the relief under special occasions (Milner, 2). Under such instances, the able bodied were included in the provision of the ‘occa sional’ poor during hard times. It was the responsibility of the Kirk sessions and the landowners to oversee dispensation of the relief within the rural areas whereas the town councils as well as magistrates over saw the process within the urban areas (Milner, 1; General Register office for Scotland, 1).1 Each parish took care of its own poor through church collections, voluntary donations as well as through fines inflicted on the convicted sinners (Mitchison, 109; Clark,

Explain the role of Fillicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Lutenising Essay

Explain the role of Fillicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Lutenising Hormone, Oestrogen and Progesterone in the menstural cycle - Essay Example The reproductive system of females is quite different from males. In females the egg production is a periodic or cyclic activity (menstrual cycle) while in males the production of sperms is a continuous process and never stops after they hit puberty till the time they die. In human females the periodic reproductive menstrual cycle is controlled by certain hormones and is completed in approximately twenty eight days causing changes in structure as well as the function of the entire reproductive system. The menstrual cycle in total comprises of the ovarian cycle linked with ovaries and the uterine cycle linked with uterus. We can divide the menstrual cycle into four main phases which are: The pituitary gland naturally produces the follicle stimulating hormone which is secreted in blood. By the name we can very well guess that this follicle stimulating hormone is linked with the follicle phase. The hormone is mainly responsible for the growth of the ovarian follicle or for stimulating the development of several primary follicles and also for stimulating the ovary to produce its own hormone which is called the oestrogen from the ovarian follicles which degenerate during the initial process of follicle phase (follicle atresia) and the oestrogen then is responsible for the thickening and vascularizing of the endometrium (uterus wall) before the process of ovulation actually starts and at the same time inhibits the pituitary to stop the production of follicle stimulating hormone. In males, the follicle stimulating hormone is also plays an important role in the production of sperm by supporting steroli cells in their function.(the menstrual cycle1993; Mayo Clinic 2011; R. Bowen 2004) When the level of the follicle stimulating hormone becomes less while the level of estrogen increases the pituitary gland secretes another hormone which is

Cuba’s Isolation from Democracy Essay -- International Government

Numerous countries in Latin America have transitioned to more democratically sound political structures in the past forty years. Pressure from within the countries and abroad forced political revolutions that incorporated free elections in order to equally represent citizens that previously had no voice in society. However, with the transformation of other countries occurring, there are dissident entities in Latin American that refuse to comply with the new political migration. One country in particular, which does not have physical geographic connection to Central and South America, fiercely resisted the vociferous call of democracy. That country is Cuba situated ninety miles off the Florida coast and exists as an antithesis to United States democracy. Cuba’s unwillingness to succumb under the United States’ to adopt democratic policies has made it a special case of socialism. A revolution, transition to socialist belief, and increased economic stability have culminate d in a country that appears to be progressing, but stagnant in developing into a functioning political body. The Cuban Revolution, incited after Fidel Castro assumed power in Cuba, aimed to reform most of the policies left behind by Dictator Fulgencio Batista. Castro’s successful guerilla operations laid the groundwork for dismantling the Batista regime, and gave the Cuban people a relief from the repressive tactics used by the dictator. Historically, most revolutions take the path of using violence in order to achieve a new order of government. With Batista gone, members of the â€Å"middle class, workers, peasants, foreign investors, the U.S. embassy, and other observes† wondered â€Å"What kind of revolution would this be?† (Skidmore, Smith, & Green, 2010). Castro sough... ...e prime example of what socialism is capable of, and what the desires of larger and more developed countries can cause for countries that wish to remain independent. Castro’s revolution set aside the typical idea of a revolution by focusing on social issues that riddle the country with instability stagnant growth, but placed confidence in the Soviet Union for economic support, contradicting the national need for political independence. Works Cited Eckstein, S. (1986). The Impact of Cuban Revolution: A Comparative Perspective. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 502-534. Skidmore, T. E., Smith, P. H., & Green, J. N. (2010). Modern Latin America. In T. E. Skidmore, P. H. Smith, & J. N. Green. New York, New York: Oxford University Press Inc. UNICEF, World Health Organization, United Nations Population Division and United Nations Statistics Division

Child Labour Essay

Child labor is work that harms children or keeps them from attending school. Around the world growing gaps between rich and poor in recent decades have forced millions of young children out of school and into work. The International Labor Organization estimates that 215 million children between the ages of 5 and 17 currently work under conditions that are considered illegal, hazardous, or extremely exploitative. Underage children work at all sorts of jobs around the world, usually because they and their families are extremely poor. Large numbers of children work in commercial agriculture, fishing, manufacturing, mining, and domestic service. Some children work in illicit activities like the drug trade and prostitution or other traumatic activities such as serving as soldiers. Some social scientists point out that some kinds of work may be completely unobjectionable — except for one thing about the work that makes it exploitative. For instance, a child who delivers newspapers before school might actually benefit from learning how to work, gaining responsibility, and a bit of money. But what if the child is not paid? Then he or she is being exploited. As UNICEF’s 1997 State of the World’s Children Report puts it, â€Å"Children’s work needs to be seen as happening along a continuum, with destructive or exploitative work at one end and beneficial work – promoting or enhancing children’s development without interfering with their schooling, recreation and rest – at the other. And between these two poles are vast areas of work that need not negatively affect a child’s development. † Other social scientists have slightly different ways of drawing the line between acceptable and unacceptable work. As UNICEF’s 1997 State of the World’s Children Report puts it, â€Å"Children’s work needs to be seen as happening along a continuum, with destructive or exploitative work at one end and beneficial work – promoting or enhancing children’s development without interfering with their schooling, recreation and rest – at the other. And between these two poles are vast areas of work that need not negatively affect a child’s development. † Other social scientists have slightly different ways of drawing the line between cceptable and unacceptable work. In 2000, the ILO estimates, â€Å"246 million child workers aged 5 and 17 were involved in child labour, of which 171 million were involved in work that by its nature is hazardous to their safety, physical or mental health, and moral development. Moreover, some 8. 4 million children were engaged in so-called ‘unconditional’ worst forms of child labour, which include forced a nd bonded labour, the use of children in armed conflict, trafficking in children and commercial sexual exploitation.