Italian Slang Dictionary Adult Words A

Italian Slang Dictionary Adult Words 'A' In each language, local speakers know more than amateurs will ever take in from course readings, word references, or from good visit guides. Regularly alluded to as the language of adoration, Italian is no exemption. Clearly, there are numerous approaches to discuss temptation, tease, a little underhandedness, and in some cases getâ downright classless in Italian. These Italian slang words and expressions are not found in standard writings, yet most local speakers realize them well (regardless of whether theyll let it be known or not is another inquiry entirely).â Undoubtedly, however,â you dont need to start your Italian exercises with these words; youre happier first learning some fundamental endurance phrasesâ if Italian isnt your local tongue. Welcome are another rundown of must-learn words and expressions, especially on the off chance that you need to make companions while going in Italy. In the event that you need to participate in all the culinary enjoyments Italy brings to the table, gain proficiency with a couple of expressions identified with feasting out and food. What's more, obviously, before you release the underhanded words underneath on your new Italian companions, youll need to at any rate become more acquainted with each other with someâ basic presentations In the event that youre in a rush, center around the basics. Study the Italian ABCs and Italian numbers, figure out how to articulate Italian words and pose inquiries in Italian, and look over the euro. Grown-up Italian Phrases Presently that youre prepared with certain essentials, you can zest up your language aptitudes with this uncensored manual for Italian conversational articulations, stunning sayings, in-your-face curses, filthy words for body capacities and parts, interjections, crude expressions, and doublespeaks. As a result of the very idea of slang, this element essentially contains articulations that a few perusers may discover offensive. Heres the rundown of words starting with the letter A. allupatoâ adj.â (familiar) hungry for sex, particularly after an extensive stretch of celibacy.ammucchiataâ f.â orgy.arareâ v.t.(familiar) to have sexually.arrapatoâ (familiar) horny, explicitly excited.arruso m. [Palermitano] (revolting) buttocks. Tta a facc,arruso Ill strip your face, [buttocks].assatanatoâ m.â sexually stimulated, excited.avere rapporti sessuali conâ (familiar) to have intercourse with.

Ethical Principles and Codes of Practice Essay Example for Free

Moral Principles and Codes of Practice Essay Moral standards and codes of training can give direction in everyday practice. Break down Peter’s circumstance for the situation study and arrive at a decision about what might be a suitable reaction. This paper will investigate the moral standards and code of training according to the contextual analysis of Peter, a man experiencing Alzheimer’s ailment and will recommend a game-plan for Peter’s circumstance dependent on the use of these standards and the code. It will do this by analyzing the term ‘ethics’ and will concentrate on four moral standards saw as comparative with the sorts of moral issues and difficulties met inside wellbeing and social consideration settings, these will be applied to the contextual analysis. Peter’s circumstance is that of a man, who, in line with his family, despondently (however evidently essentially), moved to Parkside Manor, a little private consideration home. Recently Peter’s state of Alzheimer’s infection has progressed and he has gotten dynamically uninhibited. His conduct has made the staff question Peter’s position at the consideration home, as a portion of different inhabitants are starting to get disturbed and bothered by his conduct. Some staff feel that with the quantity of occupants requiring consideration, Peter’s needs require additional time than they need to give. Anyway Peter’s family are undaunted in their choice for him to stay at Parkside. ‘Ethics’ are characterized as ‘the philosophical investigation of the virtue of human lead and of the guidelines and rules that should administer it’ (Collins, 2006, p535). Singular qualities create after some time through socialization, childhood and encounters. These qualities when seen on an individual level, control singular activities. People working in the wellbeing and social consideration setting likewise hold proficient qualities got from proficient preparing and belief system. Choices are made utilizing both individual and expert qualities and all choices will have a moral measurement. Generally wellbeing and social consideration experts have been coordinated by standards and direction, empowering them to create what i s portrayed as an expert ethical quality. Codes of training have for some time been viewed as guidelines directing practice, with away from of lead (General Social Care Council, 2010, p 4). These typically incorporate some exclusion’s, for example, exposure of data however they for the most part portray anticipated types of lead. In territories of wellbeing and social consideration moral standards are utilized alongside codes of training to guide and improve the dynamic procedure. These standards are identified with a feeling of making the best decision or that which is good and with thoughts of what is acceptable and terrible practice (K217, Book 4, p28).This thought can be hazardous and can be seen both impartially and abstractly. Whenever saw from a target perspective, who ought to be trusted to realize what is the goal truth? On the off chance that abstract, who is the one whose supposition ought to be tuned in to? Questions, for example, these are regularly at the center of predicaments. Experts working inside wellbeing and social consideration conditions don't simply manage choices dependent on the privilege and great. Thought ought to likewise be given to ‘ethical dilemmas’, these are circumstances when two decisions are evident, both equivalent in profound quality and morals (K217, Book4, p29). Pattison and Heller (2001) recommend, morals and worth issues clear a path through ordinary, day by day human services practice, the understanding of which is available to more than one clarification (K217, Offprints, p131). In spite of the fact that standards control activities, there is as yet a need to evaluate a circumstance and devise a suitable reaction. This evaluation and reaction get from an individual’s qualities and preparing as much as from standards. Moral standards are significant in the field of wellbeing and social consideration. Specialists need to be able to make educated, moral and legitimate choices identifying with the people in their consideration. This can be troublesome when confronted with a difficult case. Utilizing a system to build up an organized perspective through a specific moral circumstance or challenge can be useful. The ETHICS system was created to help individuals working in care settings and offers an organized method of surveying a game-p lan so as to go to a morally educated choice. It underscores the should have the option to choose a game-plan dependent on direction, data and built up standards, just as the individual’s convictions. The system expects experts to initially, Enquire about the applicable realities of the case, Think about the alternatives that are accessible to all included, Hear the perspectives on everybody (counting administration client, relatives and important suppliers), Identify any pertinent moral standards and qualities which may assist with directing the decisionâ€making procedure, Clarify the significance and outcomes of any key qualities lastly Select a game-plan offering supporting contentions (K217, Book4, p32). When considering the contextual analysis, four moral standards will be inspected. These are: regard for self-governance, non-misbehavior, advantage and equity. The standards are viewed as the beginning stages for the advancement of moral ways to deal with care work on, giving a down to earth set of standards, which instead of offering explicit replies answers to moral issues, set out helpful core values for specialists when confronted with questionable choices (K217, Book 4, p34). In Peter’s circumstance, Autonomy or self-assurance is mind boggling. Regard for Autonomy alludes to a promise to regard the dynamic capacity of a self-ruling person. Self-rule is the opportunity to go about as an individual wishes, to have the option to settle on choices about their own life and not to be constrained by others. The contextual analysis brings up that Peter ‘unhappily’ left his home, in line with his family to move into Parkside Manor, showing that Peter had no influence over this circumstance. This absence of option to pick where he lives, legitimately encroaches on Peter’s capacity to be self-governing and settle on contemplated educated decisions. Beauchamp and Childress (2009) recognize two territories fundamental for self-governance: Liberty or autonomy from control and Agency, the limit with respect to think activity (K217, Book 4, p39). While applying this rule to Peter’s case, it could be contended that a finding of Alzheimer’s limits his capacities to settle on choices for himself, constraining limit with respect to deliberate activity thus diminishing Peter’s capacity to work as a self-ruling person. The codes of training for social consideration laborers (2010) state: ‘a social consideration specialist must regard the privileges of administration clients while looking to guarantee that their conduct doesn't hurt themselves or others’ (General Social Care Council, 2010, p9, 4.2). This causes an irreconcilable circumstance between Peter’s rights to act in a way that he picks and that of different occupants, who have the right to have the option to move uninhibitedly about the home without the danger of being vexed or bothered by Peter’s activities. Staff may wish to find a way to limit the potential danger of Peter’s conduct making mental damage and upset diff erent inhabitants and by following danger appraisal arrangements could survey the potential dangers in this circumstance (General Social Care Council, 2010, p9, 4.2). Distinguishing destructive conduct is multifaceted and not entirely clear. The appraisal of hazard could have genuine ramifications for Peter maybe prompting a constraining of his privileges and freedom in light of a legitimate concern for shielding others from hurt (K217, Book 4, p60). In this manner over insurance or superfluous impediment could be viewed as an encroachment upon Peter’s human rights (K217, Book 4 p65). The contextual analysis doesn't precisely call attention to if Peter has the psychological capacity to comprehend that his activities could be troublesome and upsetting for other people. This being the situation it might likewise be fitting to converse with both Peter and his family about the circumstance so as to discover an answer. As the code of training keeps up, ‘care laborers must advance the autonomy of administration clients and help them to comprehend and practice their rights’ (General Social Care Council, 2010, p8, 3.1). It is recommended, that in situations where dynamic limit is regarded to be hindered, rega rd for self-rule may include the consideration specialist acting properly in an individual’s ‘best interests’ (K217, Book 4, p40). The trouble here is that Peters eventual benefits can't be seen without considering the eventual benefits of different occupants, care laborers and family members. This shows the restrictions of the code of training in taking a limited moral view as opposed to attempting to take a more extensive and increasingly adjusted viewpoint. Advantage and the advancement of government assistance are worried about the arrangement of advantages and the equalization of these against chance in the consideration and treatment of administration clients. It necessitates that care suppliers make a positive commitment to help other people, not simply abstain from demonstrations of mischief. It could be contended that in Peter’s case, moving into a private setting might be viewed as ‘doing good’. The hypothesis of helpfulness or ‘doing good’ is implanted in wellbeing and social consideration practice. Albeit, instead of being clear in its endeavors to settle moral quandaries, advantage can be seen as being somewhat ambiguous (K217, Book4, p34). The utilization of usefulness in Peter’s circumstance could be viewed as a questi onable one. The need to ‘do good’ in this circumstance could be believed to be against Peter’s eventual benefits, as on account of assent. The contextual investigation suggests the way that Peter’s family are settling on choices on b

The Complete Guide to Amazon Affiliate Links

The Complete Guide to Amazon Affiliate Links Affiliate marketing became an online trend when online retailers found that they could add a new sales channel to their portfolio. By working with publishers of online content, marketers were able to find a means of producing third party verification for their products.Affiliate marketing is popular among bloggers, v-loggers, online personalities and content producers. These producers are able to successfully sell the products that they recommend to their online communities. Some content producers find affiliate marketing to be a great way to monetize their websites.Amazon was an early believer in the online affiliate marketing program. The company launched its Associates program in 1996. Amazon knew that many websites could benefit from being able to link to the millions of products available on Amazon.com and its subsidiaries. To entice web developers and content producers to join in, Amazon keeps their program free and offers a competitive tiered incentive scheme.There are many be nefits to Amazon’s affiliate marketing program for both Amazon and producers. Amazon has huge brand recognition. People who are directed to Amazon.com know exactly which website they have landed on. Amazon also does not limit its commission only to low value products. If a member of the program can sell 100 TVs in addition to 100 pairs of socks, they will be rewarded well. Finally, Amazon is one of the biggest online resources for shopping. All of these benefits translate into an inclusive experience for Amazon, producers and shoppers.The way Amazon’s affiliate program works is simple. For every customer that you direct to Amazon.com, you will get a percentage of the sales. If you sell more products, you will receive a higher percentage. The current rates on Amazon range from 4% to 15% and there is no limit on the number of sales you can earn money from. © Shutterstock.com | Twin DesignIn this article, you will learn about 1) setting up Amazon affiliate links, 2) four ways to buy on Amazon, 3) tactics for making money through affiliate links, and 4) how to promote products on Amazon.SETTING UP AMAZON AFFILIATE LINKSTo get started with Amazon’s affiliate program, you will need to sign up through the link on Amazon’s affiliate program website. Signing up for the program is free of charge and only takes a few minutes. You normally have to wait a day before you receive confirmation from Amazon that you are a full-fledged member of the program. After you are fully registered for the program, you will need to integrate the program with your website. Integrating these links with a WordPress site could not be easier. It can be done in only three steps.First, log in to your new affiliate account. Once you are logged in, you should click on the Links Banners. From here, you should select the Product Links option.To feature a product link in a new content post, all you need to do is search for the product you are looking for in the search function and then click on the product you want to feature. Once you have found it, you simply have to click on the Get Link.The Get Link function will automatically generate a code that you can copy and paste into your WordPress article. All you need to do is paste it where you want the link to be seen.FOUR WAYS TO BUY PRODUCTS ON AMAZONOne of the greatest aspects of Amazon’s program is that it is very versatile. You are not required to use one particular format to participate in the program. In fact, you can take part in the program through four different advertising methods.Links:Links are one of the most popular ways to run affiliate marketing programs because they push the customer to visit the site without being an overt advertisement. Links are easy to use. The link will be set up to take the visitor directly to the product on Amazon. The link also hosts your Associate acc ount. This helps Amazon keep track of where their customers come from. It also helps them keep track of any sales that you have earned.You can choose to include embedded text links, image links or even a combination of text and images.Banners:Banners are a more transparent form of advertising. They often serve as a visual reminder of promotions happening at Amazon.com. Banners are stylish can be integrated into any part of your website.aStore:The Amazon aStore is a product that is offered to every Associate involved in the program. The main benefit of the aStore is that you can set up an online store without having to worry about design, software or taking payments. Visitors will complete their payment with Amazon.com.Your aStore will be unique to your account. You can use your aStore to highlight the products that you are interested in or that are aligned with your brand or content. You also have to option to include all Amazon products in your store if you choose.Setting up the aS tore is very easy. When you decide to set up your store, Amazon will take you through a four-step process. You can have your own store operating in a manner of minutes.The aStore is a free benefit of the Amazon program. You do not need to pay any money to open the store or to keep it running. It is probably one of the fastest and easiest ways to open an online store.Widgets:Amazon offers the opportunity for their affiliates to include Amazon widgets on their website. Widget is a generic word for standalone code that will redirect users to a larger application or program.A widget is just another way to redirect your customers to Amazon.com from your website. They are more visual than links. Widgets are also more targeted than banners.You can show customers exact products through your widget. Widgets provide another way for you to advertise your relationship with Amazon without going down the road of a traditional advertisement. Customers can see what your store offers without having to leave your website. This makes customer interactions with widgets more meaningful.It is fairly easy to set up a widget for your Amazon store. You can reach everything you need from your associate account. When you set up your widget you can either curate a list of products or allow Amazon to select some products for you.Some of the widget styles that you can set up include: wish list, deal of the day, slide show, or MP3 clips.Depending on how much you want to customize your widget, you can have it all set up in under a minute.TACTICS FOR MAKING MONEY THROUGH AFFILIATE LINKSWorking with the Amazon Associate program to make money from affiliate links is like any other business venture. You will get out of it what you put into it. It is not enough to embed some banners on your site or include a few links in each article. If you really want to benefit from the serious earning potential of the affiliate program, you will need to continue to drive value. The following list contains the key tactics for making real money through affiliate links.Choose a niche:If you own a business or a website, you have probably been told that you have to choose a niche. The Internet is the home of niche culture. It rewards people who are very good in a very specific area.Your affiliate program can directly reflect your niche. Because Amazon sells millions of products, you will be able to find products related to your website. If you want to sell products and make commission, you should ideally be suggesting products that are relevant to your website.For example, if you run a food and culinary arts website, you can provide affiliate links to recommended cooking products, tools and books. Your customers will appreciate your insight. They will also feel that you have personally recommended these products to them. This personal touch makes them more likely to buy.Drive traffic:Driving traffic to your website is probably the biggest key to success for both your site and your affiliate program. The more people visit your website and see your links, the more people that you can convert to a sale.Traffic is driven by a variety of methods. Many of these methods are dictated by the search engines. Google’s algorithms have the biggest influence here. Your site will receive more traffic if it is SEO optimized according to Google’s latest standards. Google also now relies on quality and regular content.To drive content to your website, you need to write great content that is relative to the customers that you are targeting with your SEO strategy.Implementing a social media strategy always helps. You can even include Amazon affiliate links on your Facebook and Twitter accounts.Build credibility:By participating in the Amazon affiliate program, you will essentially be selling the products listed in your store or through your links. The key to closing more sales is to build a high level of credibility. You need your customers to trust that you are an authority on the su bject.People who visit your site regularly will probably have connected with your content. If you can build a relationship of trust between you and your readers, they will be more likely to purchase a recommended product.Learn from Amazon:Take some time to browse Amazon. Amazon is the ultimate salesman and there are more than a few hints and tricks that you can pick up from their top-rated products.Look at the product descriptions, reviews and the amount of information provided by the product link to get a better idea of what makes a product fly off the virtual shelves.Amazon is also great at upselling products. Their recommended products lists are a big key to their success.Provide and promote only the best and relevant products:Do some research on the products that you provide links to. You want to make sure that they are great products that will satisfy your target customers.Make sure you are choosing products that are well reviewed on Amazon. It is important the product actually fits the needs of your customers.Providing mediocre and uninformed recommendations will often reflect poorly on your site rather than on Amazon. It is important to recommend products that will maintain your reputation.Implement visual elements:You should always try to include a text link within the body of your content. Text links are easy and direct.However, you should not rely solely on these text, or embedded, One of the best ways to sell on Amazon or on any website is to include a clickable image link. The image will remind customers why they are interested in this product. By providing several types of visual links, you will provide your customers with many opportunities to purchase products.Sell more products to make more money:It sounds painfully obvious that when you sell more products you will earn more money. However, this is especially true on Amazon. Amazon will reward you with a higher commission or referral fee when you sell more products.This tiered system is typical of many affiliate programs. The tiered rewards system provides you with just one more incentive to make the most of the program.Take advantage of seasonal offers:Amazon’s Black Friday and Christmas are often exceptional. If there was a time to ramp up your product drive with the affiliate scheme, it is when Amazon is already heavily promoting their products and value. Amazon runs special offers during most holidays. It would serve you well to keep up with their holiday calendar.HOW TO PROMOTE PRODUCTS ON AMAZONPromoting products on Amazon requires many of the same facets that building relationships with your customers does. When you are promoting products, you should be genuinely promoting them. You want to make sure that your content is not so transparent that it looks like you are just out to take your customers’ money. You should always aim to be honest with your customers and only promote products that you would buy yourself.Write reviewsProduct reviews are one of the best ways to promote products. You will automatically become a reliable source by providing in-depth information about the product. You will also be able to interest the customer by providing exciting facts and opinions about the product.Product reviews also convert better than other types of articles. This is because if a customer takes the time to read a review of the product, they probably intend to purchase the product now or in the near future.Create a ‘Best of…’ listCreating a ‘Best of…’ list will provide similar benefits to the product review. You will present yourself as knowledgeable on the topic. You will also present several options for customers to choose from. This can have positive impacts on your sales conversion rate.Write in-depthIf you have done a good job at choosing your niche, you will be able to write in-depth articles about the products that you recommend. You should take the opportunity to discuss more than just the product’s basic functions. You can use this time to speculate about the product and introduce real-life scenarios in its regular use.Product comparisonsThere are several ways that you can write a product comparison article. You can use a combination of short reviews and a ‘best of…’ list for those who are looking for information-heavy content.You may also decide to make the information visual. Using a product comparison grid will help your customers find the product that is right for them faster. When they can get the information they desire faster, they are more likely to buy.Product launchYou can use your website to help drive excitement about the launch of a new product. This is a great way to get customers to pre-order products. It also demonstrates that your site is a great source of information about new products.Amazon runs an affiliate program that is incredibly easy to use and understand. However, you will only get out of the program what you put into it. If you put time and energy into building relat ionships through valuable content, you could find yourself participating in Amazon’s massive revenues in no time at all.

Financial Accounting - 1203 Words

FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND LAW ACFI2002 – FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING SEMESTER 2, 2012 ASSIGNMENT 01 Student Name: Tran Thi Ngoc Hanh Student Number: C3173300 Part I: Accounting Standard AASB138 Intangible Assets provides guidelines for accounting treatment of research and development costs for financial reporting purposes. Answer the following questions based on AASB138 and ‘Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements’. (85 marks) Part I: Accounting Standard AASB138 Intangible Assets provides guidelines for accounting treatment of research and development costs for financial reporting purposes. Answer the following questions based on AASB138 and ‘Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial†¦show more content†¦Therefore, company usually have to agree on a contract to make sure that the ratio of debt to total assets be below a certain level (to protect the debt holders). 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Human Population Growth And The Environment Essay

Human population growth has exploded in recent years and the impact to the environment is what I am going to describe in this paper. I am going to explain the issues population has caused as well as the biblical principles for environmental stewardship. Next I will describe important factors that contribute to the issues that population growth brings to the environment. I will then describe the effect population has on people and the environment. Finally, I will explain a long term strategy with cost and benefit issues and the required support needed to make it a successful solution. After reading this paper you should be able to understand better overpopulation effects on the environment and how we can make it better and practice biblical principles of stewardship. The world population steadily grew until it dropped during the Bubonic plague between 1000 and 1500 A.D. After 1600 the population exploded and reached 1 billion by 1800 and reached 3 billion by 1960. 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Does Birth Order Have an Effect on Intelligence Free Essays

In 1874 Francis Galton reported that firstborn children were overrepresented as high achievers in various scientific fields. There were flaws in Galton’s methodology, for instance, he did not count female children in his results. Male subjects were counted as a first born even if they were the tenth child, but the nine older siblings were female (Esping, 2003). We will write a custom essay sample on Does Birth Order Have an Effect on Intelligence or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, Galton’s conclusion that birth order correlates with intelligence and academic attainment remains popular. Even in the last decade, other researchers, in both Europe and North America, have confirmed and reasserted Galton’s conclusion. What studies have demonstrated that birth order influences intelligence and/or achievement? Research by Christensen and Bjerkedal concluded that birth order has a small impact on educational attainment (Christensen Bjerkedal, 2010). That conclusion has also been reported by other related studies. Analysis of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) and the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) show that birth order has an effect on educational attainment and intelligence (Retherford Sewell, 1991 and Rodgers, Cleveland, van den Oord Rowe, 2000). Also, earlier research on Norwegian male military conscripts also demonstrated that birth order impacts on intelligence (Bjerkedal et al., 2007). The confluence model theorizes that first born children are raised in an adult oriented, highly intellectual environment. Also, when first born children interact with their younger they adopt the role of teacher. This is known as the tutor effect (Zajonc Sullaway ,2007). Are studies that support birth order effect on intelligence and/educational attainment flawed? Wichman, Rodgers and MacCallum suggest a critical flaw in previous research that supports that birth order has an effect on intelligence and/or educational attainment They suggest that in larger families the first born is equally intelligent as the fourth-born child, but they are not as intelligent as children from a smaller family (Wichman et al,2006). The studies that demonstrate a link between educational attainment and/or intelligence and birth order have been criticized by other researchers. However, according to the confluence model it is only as children with younger siblings approach adulthood that they finally achieve maximum benefit from teaching their younger siblings, as it typically increases their efforts to do well scholastically (Zanjonc Sulloway, 2007). What factors other than birth order influence intelligence and or achievement? Wichman, Rodgers and MacCallum argue that the findings were a result of differences between families, not within families. They suggest that the younger a mother is at the birth of her first child will result in lower intelligence scores within the family. Younger mothers tend to be less educated, have more children and lower income. When researchers controlled for mother’s age at first birth, the effect on birth order on intelligence was nearly eliminated. In their opinion birth order appears to have an effect on intelligence, but that’s only because larger families don’t have the advantages of smaller families. Family environment and genetic influences are the most important factors and they may override birth order (Wichman et al., 2006). How to cite Does Birth Order Have an Effect on Intelligence, Essay examples

Marketing Plan Nokia in Bangladesh Essay Example

Marketing Plan Nokia in Bangladesh Essay This project report analyses the marketing mix, PEST analysis and STP analysis of Nokia. Nokia has adopted excellent techniques to influence a consumer, the prices of their phones are reasonable. Almost every shop dealing in mobiles sells Nokia phones apart from their Nokia Care and Nokia priority outlets. Their products are also well promoted. The Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning of all their products are discussed in a detailed manner. The success of the company lies in the fact that NOKIA: AN INTRODUCTION Everyone has a need to communicate and share. Nokia helps people to fulfill this need and they help people feel close to what matters to them. They focus on providing consumers with very human technology – technology that is intuitive, a joy to use, and beautiful HISTORY OF NOKIA:- NOKIA’S FIRST CENTURY: 1865-1967 The first Nokia century began with Fredrik Idestams paper mill on the banks of the Nokianvirta river. Between 1865 and 1967, the company would become a major industrial force; but it took a merger with a cable company and a rubber firm to set the new Nokia Corporation on the path to electronics. * 1865: The birth of Nokia:- Fredrik Idestam establishes a paper mill at the Tammerkoski Rapids in south western Finland, where the Nokia story begins. * 1898: Finnish Rubber Works founded:- Arvid Wickstrom founds Finnish Rubber Works, which will later become Nokias rubber business * 1912: Finnish Cable Works founded:- Eduard Polon starts Finnish Cable Works, the foundation of Nokias cable and electronics businesses. 1937: Verner Weckman, industry heavyweight:- Former Olympic wrestler Verner Weckman becomes President of Finnish Cable Works. * 1960: First electronics department:- Cable Works establishes its first electronics department, selling and operating computers. * 1962: First in-house electrical device:- The Cable Works electronics department produces its first in-house electrical devic e a pulse analyzer for nuclear power plants. * 1967: The merger:- Nokia Ab, Finnish Rubber Works and Finnish Cable works formally merge to create Nokia Corporation. THE MOVE TO MOBILE: 1968-1991 The newly formed Nokia Corporation was ideally positioned for a pioneering role in the early evolution of mobile communications. As European telecommunications markets were deregulated and mobile networks became global, Nokia led the way with some iconic products 1979: Mobira Oy, early phone maker Radio telephone company Mobira Oy begins life as a joint venture between Nokia and leading Finnish television maker Salora. 1981: The mobile era begins Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT), the first international mobile phone network, is built. 982: Nokia makes its first digital telephone switch The Nokia DX200, the company’s first digital telephone switch, goes into operation. 1984: Mobira Talkman launched Nokia launches the Mobira Talkman portable phone. 1987: Mobira Cityman – birth of a classic Nokia launches the Mobira Cityman, the first handheld NMT phone. 1991: GSM – a new mobile standard opens up Nokia equipment is used to make the worldâ €™s first GSM call. MOBILE REVOLUTION: 1992-1999 In 1992, Nokia decided to focus on its telecommunications business. This was probably the most important strategic decision in its history. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan Nokia in Bangladesh specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan Nokia in Bangladesh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan Nokia in Bangladesh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As adoption of the GSM standard grew, new CEO Jorma Ollila put Nokia at the head of the mobile telephone industry’s global boom – and made it the world leader before the end of the decade 1992: Jorma Ollila becomes President and CEO:- Jorma Ollila becomes President and CEO of Nokia, focusing the company on telecommunications. 1992: Nokia’s first GSM handset:- Nokia launches its first GSM handset, the Nokia 1011. 1994: Nokia Tune is launched:- Nokia launches the 2100, the first phone to feature the Nokia Tune. 1994: World’s first satellite call:- The world’s first satellite call is made, using a Nokia GSM handset. 997: Snake – a classic mobile game:- The Nokia 6110 is the first phone to feature Nokia’s Snake game. 1998: Nokia leads the world:- Nokia becomes the world leader in mobile phones. 1999: The Internet goes mobile:- Nokia launches the worlds first WAP handset, the Nokia 7110. NOKIA NOW: 2000-TODAY:- Nokia’s story continue s with 3G, mobile multiplayer gaming, multimedia devices and a look to the future 2002: First 3G phone:- Nokia launches its first 3G phone, the Nokia 6650. 2003: Nokia launches the N-Gage:- Mobile gaming goes multiplayer with the N-Gage. 005: The Nokia Nseries is born:- Nokia introduces the next generation of multimedia devices, the Nokia Nseries. 2005: The billionth Nokia phone is sold:- Nokia sells its billionth phone – a Nokia 1100 – in Nigeria. Global mobile phone subscriptions pass 2 billion. 2006: A new President and CEO:- Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo becomes Nokia’s President and CEO; Jorma Ollila becomes Chairman of Nokia’s board. Nokia and Siemens announce plans for Nokia Siemens Networks. The birth of Nokia Eseries. The ultimate handheld communicator mobiles (Enterprise series) are launched. 2007: Nokia recognized as 5th most valued brand in the world. Nokia Siemens Networks commences operations. Nokia launches Ovi, its new internet services brand. 2008: Nokias three mobile device business groups and the supporting horizontal groups are replaced by an integrated business segment, Devices Services. THE 4P’S OF THE MARKETING MIX: PRODUCT:- The product is the centre of the marketing mix and the other three Ps are based around it. Consumers purchase goods and services for a variety of individual reasons and a company must be aware of all of these when selling a product (that is why they conduct market research). Nokia does exactly the same and comes up with innovative phones almost every six months. The new phones that Nokia launches have some new feature or price difference, thus appealing to the consumer. Sometimes, Nokia launches special and limited editions of its mobile phones, on special occasions such as the Olympics. In short they offer phones of great variety with various designs and high quality. Price:- Price is a key factor in the selling of a product, and is usually the one that is open to the most change based on different pricing strategies, for xample, competitor based, penetration or skimming. The three main factors affecting the amount charged for a product or service, are; the cost of production, customer demand and competition. Since its entry into Indian mobile market in 1995, it focused on manufacturing of mobile handsets based on GSM technology. Nokia built a strong brand image with focused marketing and distribution network. It started focusing on the low-cost mobile phone segment for rural markets in India, but, faced stiff competition from Sony Ericsson, Samsung, and Motorola who also started offering low-cost handsets. Nokia has come up with the perfect prices for each and every consumer segment in the market. A lower middle-class person can go for a Nokia 1200 costing around Rs. 1200 while an executive can opt for N-96 costing around Rs. 33,000. Place:- This refers to the chosen outlets for a product or service, for a product to be very successful it must be easy to access, Nokia mobile phones are very easy to access nowadays, they are sold in supermarkets, Nokia Priority, Nokia Care and specialized outlets (eg. The Mobile Store). Promotion:- This involves providing information to the customer over a variety of media platforms, using radio, television and print advertising as well as using other promotional tools such as money off deals and free giveaways. The advertisements that Nokia comes up with are very successful in targeting the customers in a consumer market. The advertisements are made in such a way that it appeals to the psychology of the consumer. They also have various sale promotion schemes like offering discounts on special occasions and giving free gifts along with a purchase of a mobile phone. PEST ANALYSIS In the case of Nokia, it can be classified as international organization. It is basic for global brand, which is required to focus on macro environmental factors, such as Nokia. Macro environmental factors comprise Political, Economics, Society, and Technology, viz, PEST Analysis. It is necessary force that Nokia has to concern and know what is happening in the other countries at the moment. Because there are different culture and different external factors between different countries, Nokia has to adjust its trategic plan in order to develop international market. Political:- It is important of a company to acquire resources from government, such as economic policy, and science and technology policy. The success of Nokia has obtaine the resources from Finnish policies which assist Nokia to advance its products. The Finnish policies are the most important factors of Nokia. To operate efficiently, a modern knowledge- and technology-based economy that is highly specialized , internationalized and undergoing rapid structural change requires active support from the public sector. In its widest sense industrial policy and science and technology (ST) policy comprise all those measures by which the public sector shapes the operating environment for business and thus fosters public welfare. Both policies used by Finnish government and Parliament are crucial for the development both of the Finnish Economy and of national information society. Finnish government best facilitate the efficient functioning of the economy by directing its resources to the reduction of market failures. The state must also pursue an industrial and economic policy that provides a stable macroeconomic environment for enterprises. General macroeconomic stability, low interest rates, stable currency conditions and the international competitiveness of the tax system form the foundation for the growth of business an improvement in employment. As the result of this, not only Finnish Government but also international companies, such as Nokia, have play very important roles to develop their information society and national technology strength. Economic:- According to the fact that Russian Federation was collapsed in early 1990s and it assaulted with Finnish economics. Nokia also face with the problem, and changed its functions from single market and overall products to global market and focusing mobile phone market. With incomes rising, people have more disposable income, which enables consumers to be more selective with their choice of mobile phone, looking to other factors rather than fulfilling the most basic of user (text, messaging and phone calls) Nokia being a multinational company operates in many countries. They have to abide by the economic policies in whichever country they are operating. Society and Technology:- In the 1980s, people’s trend to microcomputers and Nokia tried to match the tendency to produce its main products, such as computers, monitors and TV sets. According to the changes in 1990s, Nokia also changes its functions to mobile phone market. Nowadays, the global market trends to connect PC and mobile phone, even though to combine these two products together. On the other hand, one important future challenge of Nokia is to establish its policy to follow up the environmental policy and science and technology policy of the Finnish Government. Sustainable development and environmental protection have various effects on the operation of the innovation system. Innovation also creates new opportunities for promoting sustainable development. The markets for environmental products are expected to grow rapidly in the near future. The Finnish government offers goods facilities for taking this opportunity. National and European reforms arising from environmental objectives influence the perquisites from innovation. Nokia must be used to find solution which help to implement environmental objectives as well as the objectives of innovation policy in a balanced way. To sum up, the main reason of Nokia has success to advance its products are the policies and technology development of Finnish Government. It cannot be separate between Nokia’s successful of advance its product and Finnish Government’s policies, both of Nokia and Finnish Government are the winner in the international market. Nokia has obtained the success of mobile phone market, and Finnish Government has established its position of technology development. At this moment Nokia is the best selling mobile phone company owing to its constant upgradation in the technology of its phones. STP ANALYSIS SEGMENTATION AND TARGETING:- * Entry level: (Rs 1,200-3,000):- Nokia targeted low income people and first time mobile buyers in this series. Sets include are 1200, 1208, 1100, 1110, 1112 etc * Classic Series: (Rs 7,000-17,000):- Nokia targeted decent people in this series. Sets include in this series are 6300,6233,6120,3120 etc * N gage Series: (Rs 8,000-16,000):- Nokia targeted game lovers in this series . These sets include game like play station, PSP and Xbox. N- Series: (Rs 7000-35,000):- Nokia targeted the young generation who wanted to possess mobiles with the latest technologies such as a 5 MP camera, a decent music player, GPRS, etc. This series is also called multimedia computer. Named as on step ahead multimedia. Sets include N72, N81, N95, N96, N97, etc * E-Series: (Rs 10,000-60,000):- These mobiles were launched for people who needed mobile computing on the go especially business people. These phones are enabled with word, spreadsheet and presentation softwar es. They also are equipped with GPRS/ EDGE technologies thus functioning as a palmtop. Sets include E90, E75, E61, E62, etc * Xpress music Series: (Rs 6,000-20,000):- Nokia launched this series basically for the people who loved music. Good dolby digital earphones and long battery life are the features of these mobile phones. Sets include 5800, 5610, 5320, 5310, 5220, etc * Premium Series:(Rs 80,000-1,500,000):-In this series Nokia targeted people who show visual status. Sets include in this series are Sephiraarte, 8800Gold, 8800arts etc POSITIONING:- Positioning of a product refers to creating an image about a particular product. Nokia has been very successful in this strategy. Nokia has created a distinct position in customer mind by:- * Nokia logo: * Slogan: * StandardRingtone * Standard message tone. * Long battery backup. * User friendly mobiles. * The specific message that is conveyed to the customers in every advertisement is: â€Å"Nokia enable you to get more out of life†. These specific aspects have been embedded into the mindset of the consumer in such a way that every time they saw the logo or heard the ringtone they associate it with a Nokia product. Hence Nokia has been very successful in positioning it products in the market. LOOPHOLES No doubt that  the products from the Finnish company, Nokia, are some of the very best in the world, but the company still hasn’t found a profitable way to market its goods. The very reason that other mobile phone companies are fast eating up Nokia’s market share is their superior (yet simple) marketing practices. Motorola and Samsung must now be in the FUW (frequently used words) list in Nokia’s board meetings. These companies have made Nokia pay dearly for its rudimentary approach in marketing its phones. The aggressive marketing practices followed by Motorola have hit Nokia very hard and it is losing very crucial global market share every month to its American competitor. Nokia, quite alarmed by the dropping sales of its phones, is now putting all its weight behind the N-Series range. The N-Series is packed with multimedia features and Nokia believes that these phones might woo the costumers back to the big daddy of the mobile phone world. But Espoo, we have a problem!! (Nokia is headquartered at Espoo, Finland). While Motorola (quite intelligently) gives a dashy-flashy name to every phone it brings into the market, Nokia tends to do the exact opposite. Nokia from the very start has relied on numbers rather than names. This strategy worked very well in the past, but only because there wasn’t much competition back then. But times have changed. Every month the market sees at least a dozen new handsets from an equal number of manufacturers. Consumers now have more than they can choose. Consumers are more attracted by names because they can thus easily relate to the features of the phone. This is evident from the success of the MotoRazr, MotoSlvr, MotoRizr and MotoKrzr. These phones are not packed with heavy multimedia features like the N-Series; still they are selling like hot cakes. Just by reading the name of the handset, one gets a broad idea what the phone looks like or what  its features are. Nokia advertises more than Motorola. Still its market share is dropping. Motorola does not need to spend much money for the promotion of its products and it doesn’t have to worry about the marketing of these phones; it just simplifies its job by naming its products right. Take the example of Apple. It did not have to do much to promote its iPhone. RECOMMENDATIONS: It is high time that Nokia starts applying some sense to its marketing strategies. It doesn’t have to do anything great, other than just naming its phones. A few months ago, a highly placed Nokia official told Reuters that his company would soon go the Motorola way and  start using names for its new phones. It is in Nokia’s best interest that it takes to this path as early as possible, otherwise the once market leader might see its market share plummeting to even lower depths CONCLUSION